TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN TONGKOL JAGUNG (ZEA MAYS) MENJADI BIOETANOL SEBAGAI BIOENERGI ALTERNATIF

Abstract

Waste from harvested corn, especially cob, is a lignocellulose source that has not been utilized effectively and can be used as a material for bioethanol production. Bioethanol is one of the biofuels that is present as an alternative fuel that is environmentally friendly and renewable. The purpose of this research is to determine the ethanol content produced in the bioconversion of cellulose corn cobs waste. In this study, the methods used are delignification, hydrolysis, fermentation, and distillation. Research activities begin with refining the waste of corn harvest into flour. Then it was delignified using NaOH% with a variation of immersion time of 6 hours, 12 hours and 24 hours. The purpose of this delignification is to reduce the lignin content found in corn cobs biomass. Before the delignification of lignin contained was 13.80% after delignification of lignin content decreased at 6 hours soaking time to 11.11%, 12 hours immersion time 9.26% and 8.94% 24 hours soaking time, then hydrolyzed using H2SO4 concentration 15 %, then fermented by filtrate using Saccharomyces Cerevisiae microbes found in bread yeast, fermentation is carried out for three days under anaerobic conditions. The fermentation results were purified by distillation at a temperature of 78oC - 80oC and the highest ethanol content was obtained at 0.5% with an amount of 11 ml distillate.

Keywords: Bioetanol, Tongkol Jagung, Bioetanol