The Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) In Learning Writing Narrative

This study aims to describes narrative writing skills are one aspect of language skills that are very important. Learning to write until now is still a lesson that is less attractive to students. One of the things that causes it learners are less interested in the teaching of writing is the selection of instructional media, need for learning as something that is fun, comforting, and easy is something that is urgent due to the development of modernization in various fields. One of them is information and communication technology (ICT), through the use of media, it is hoped that it can help facilitate students in expressing ideas to be developed into a narrative essay. The use of media has the possibility to be used as an alternative method in an effort to develop narrative writing learning. It is expected that most students are happy and interested in learning using media. In addition, the media can help the difficulties of students in determining topics in their narrative.


Introduction
The use of information and communication technology (ICT) in learning now continues to grow. Learning materials are an important element in the use of information and communication technology for learning. For this reason, the ability of a teacher to develop ICT-based learning materials is very important. Teaching materials are all forms of content, including text, audio, photos, videos, animations, etc. that can be used for learning. Meanwhile the rapid advancement of information and communication technology has allowed a shift in orientation to learning from outside-guided to be self-guided and from knowledge as possession to be knowledge as construction. Moreover, this technology today are also plays an important role in renewing the conception of learning. Which originally focused on learning solely as a presentation of a wide range of knowledge, then becomes learning as guidance so that students are able to carry out socio-cultural exploration that is rich in knowledge. Writing learning is one of the objects of language skills that are very much needed, especially in expressing ideas, thoughts, and messages through essay. Writing is one of the most important skills in language learning. Being able to write is vital skill for speakers of a foreign language as much as for every one using their own first language [1]. Teaching this skill needs a good preparation of the teacher. To reach the nature of teaching such as mentioned above, it is important to be aware the approach of teaching, method of teaching, technique of teaching, and even the material of teaching. It is expected that all of these things are appropriate, interesting, and meaningful for the students. Language is important in human life; it is one of aspects for human life which is never separated from our life. We communicate, interact to other people by using language and learn anything that we want to know. In studying English, students should master and learn four skills; they are listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Writing is one of the important skills in English because writing is a media to convey ideas, thought and information in written form. Writing becomes a tool for a communication and it is important to be included in teaching English. It meant that the learners will express their own ideas to other people through writing process. Narration is story writing; narrative writing presents a story of sequence event which involves characters [2]. When we write a narrative text, we write about event that happens in the past. Narrative text is a text that has a purpose to amuse or entertain the reader with actual or imaginary experience in different ways. Writing is part of language skills that important to be taught. In writing the writers inform an idea and message in the written form. The reader can understand experience, event, and histories idea easy. So, need a knowledge and experience. Writing has always formed part of syllabus in teaching of English [3]. It means that writing is one important skill that in guiding English. It is a difficult skill like the other skills. It needs more attention and the other language skills. The objective of teaching writing is the students are able to write what in their thinking creatively [4]. On the other hand, writing is the mental work of inventing ideas, thinking about how to express them, and organizing them into statements and paragraphs that will be clear to a reader [5]. Learning to write narrative essay on students is very appropriate to stimulate the creativity and abilities of students are needed so as to be able to express ideas, thoughts, feelings, and ideas in essay. Therefore the teacher will make writing learning interesting so that students can learn well, one of them is by using media. This learning model is a model of teaching by means of listening and reading of impressions that contains lyrics accompanied by text, as well as the students are invited to learn fun while singing lyrics they typically have heard. Writing is lowering or describing graphic symbols that describe a language that is understood by someone, so that other people can read the graphic symbols as long as they understand the language and description of the graph [6]. Based on the opinion above, writing composing is a process that uses symbols that contain messages, ideas, or ideas that want to be channelled to others. The message or idea that you want to convey can be in the form of writing that can tell, describe, inform, influence, and increase knowledge. In the pre-writing stage, the main points that will direct the author in all the writing activities are determined, and then the writing stage, which is developing ideas in sentences, unit paragraph, chapter or section, so the first draft is complete. Furthermore, what is done at the revision stage is reading and reassessing what has been written, corrected, changed, even if necessary to expand the writing. In the process of learning to write, various abilities cannot be mastered by a person simultaneously. Writing process has three main stages, namely: the pre-writing stage, the writing phase, and the revision stage, these three stages involve: (1) Topic selection; the activity that was first carried out in writing an essay was to determine the topic by considering several things, namely a) the topic had benefits, b) the topic was quite interesting especially for the author, c) the topic was well known, and d) the required material could be obtained and quite adequate. (2) Topic restrictions, after the topic that meets the requirements is selected, the second step that must be done is to discuss the topic. After finding a number of topics that might be developed, a selection was made of the topic. The most appropriate topic and meet those criteria are then developed later; (3) Determine the topic and title, the next topic chosen is stated in an essay title. After the steps above are done, the next step is to arrange the outline; an essay framework is a technique and tool to support and launch composing activities. Without these techniques and tools, the author tends to fall into an anarchic state, easily losing control and direction of the essay that should have been achieved. As a result, the impression that arises is not in line with the purpose of writing. Keraf asserts that the framework of this essay is a work plan that contains the basic provisions on how to detail and develop a topic [7]. A quality teaching and learning process can be seen in aspects, including: (1) teacher must be able to make systematic teaching preparation, (2) teaching and learning process must be of high quality as indicated by the delivery, methods, media, and assessment (3) time during the teaching and learning process takes place effectively, (4) teachers teaching motivation and student learning motivation is quite high, and (5) interaction between the teacher and students in the class, so that every learning difficulty in the classroom can be overcome. The involvement of both causes an interaction between teacher and student when the teaching and learning process takes place. The learning strategies applied by the teacher so far in writing learning are: (1) the teacher determines essay topics that must be developed by students, (2) prioritizes writing products or essay results rather than the writing process itself, (3) no sharing writing with friends, (4) there is no guidance on the process through the writing stages, (5) writing is made to fulfil the assignments given by the teacher, (6) writing is made to be read by the teacher, (7) the allocation of writing time is limited to very short, and (8) It is expected that direct writing will be done in one face to face meeting. An effective writing process for all forms of writing according to Bobby the Porter is Preparation, rough draft, sharing, revision, editing, rewriting and evaluation [8]. Narrative Writing Narrative writings are divided into two kinds by Joyce and Feez; Non-fiction is a kind of narrative writing that tells the true story. It is often used to recount a person's life story, important historical event, or new stories. This is really a combination of narrative and informational writing; Fiction is a kind of narrative that tells the untrue story. The story made up by the writer such as short story, comics, novels, etc [9]. The characteristics of narrative essays are: (1) Events that are told are arranged in chronological order; (2) There are figures that are told, further accompanied by their statements. The goal is to expand one's experience both outwardly and inwardly, what needs to be considered in the narrative; (1) able to make a new story; (2) can apply appropriate characterizations; (3) can express a good story style; and (4) can use the right language style. The stages of writing narratives are as follows; (1) determine the theme of the story; (2) determine the destination; (3) register the main topic or idea; (4) arranging the main ideas into a framework outline in chronological order or time; and (5) developing the framework into essay.

Learning Media
The use of media in the learning process can attract interest and motivate student learning. The benefits of media in learning are; first, learning will be more attractive to students so that it can foster student motivation. Second, the learning material will be more clearly defined so that it can be better understood by students and enable students to achieve better learning goals. Third, students have more learning activities because they not only listen to the descriptions of the teacher but also other activities. According to Heinich, et al states that media is a communication channel tool [10]. Media comes from Latin and is the plural form of the word medium which literally means intermediary which is the intermediary of the source of the message (a source) with the recipient of the message (a receiver). Next is given examples of this media such as films, television, diagrams, printed materials, computers and instructors. Examples of such media can be considered as learning media if carrying messages in order to achieve learning goals. Learning media can be said as a messenger technology used for learning purposes. Learning media is part of learning resources, learning resources can be in the form of messages, people, materials, tools, techniques, and the environment. Learning media is a combination of tools (hardware) and materials (software).

Using ICT in Learning
In the teaching and learning process, two very important elements are teaching methods and learning media. These two aspects are interrelated. The selection of one particular teaching will affect the type of learning media that is appropriate, although there are still various other aspects that must be considered in choosing media, including learning objectives, types of tasks and responses that students are expected to master after learning takes place, and the learning context includes student characteristics. Nevertheless, it can be said that one of the main functions of learning media is as a teaching aid that also influences the climate, conditions, and learning environment that is managed and created by the teacher. The use of ICT-based learning media is not easy. In using these media, one must pay attention to several techniques so that the media used can be utilized maximally and not deviate from the purpose of media; in this case the media used are Computer and LCD projectors. The purpose of learning Indonesian in school is to make students skilled in using language, both receptive and productive skills. Receptive skills include listening and reading skills, while productive skills include writing skills. The difficulties of students pouring ideas into writing became the main obstacle that the authors encountered in class. The learning method which has been used in writing a narrative essay is by having the students determine the theme, and then the student is required to develop these themes into a narrative essay. Usually essays are not finished written on the grounds that they have difficulty concentrating on developing their imagination. Students are generally difficult to start the initial part of writing. They thought a few moments without being able to express ideas clearly, they reasoned their inspiration and imagination blunted. In connection with the above problems a solution is needed in choosing the right and fun method to motivate students. One solution that turns out to be able to foster a positive response from students is to apply learning to write narratives with audio-visual media. The use of this media was apparently favoured by students and they enthusiastically listened to the poems while singing the song with their expressions. Students are free to express what they hear with their interpretations. Students become active, teachers only act as facilitators. It turns out that this media can combine all aspects of language.

Method
This study used descriptive qualitative research. In accordance with the formulation of the problem described previously, this type of research is a descriptive study with qualitative methods. Descriptive research method is a research method used to describe the problem and solve it. This research is descriptive because the data obtained is because it cannot be expressed in the form of numbers. The researcher presents a description of the situation under study in the form of narrative descriptions.

Learning Media Based on Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
ICT-based learning media are now starting to be chosen as part of the way to facilitate the learning process. The use of ICT-based media cannot be said to be easy, because its use is not arbitrary but with techniques and knowledge about it. ICT-based learning media that are often used are computers and LCD projectors. Computer media and LCD projectors are a media whose use really requires design and is designed by its users so that it can be used. The hardware used is a complete computer or laptop unit connected to an LCD channel. Of course ICT-based teaching materials must be prepared such as Microsoft word, digital teaching materials, multimedia-based teaching materials, internet teaching materials, and Interactive Multimedia CD teaching materials. The use of computers with various readiness of teaching materials used in learning contributes to the development of ICT-based learning. Learning through the internet will make it easier for students to obtain information material. In addition, the implementation of learning becomes more flexible because learning is carried out online. The use of internet networks in learning gives many benefits to users in communicating directly with other users.

Use of Information Technology Media in Writing Learning
Nowadays information technology is developing very rapidly, needs of people for information have a huge impact. People who want to get information can read on available sites. While people who have written language skills can produce through writing. Reading and writing activities are two activities that cannot be separated. People who are accustomed to reading will easily write. The use of information technology in writing learning is indeed inexorable and has even become a necessity. Information technology is not only used as a tool but also as a learning resource for anyone. Based on the ICT function above, it is very clear that this technology is very suitable for learning writing. Writing learning is an activity to process the mind and information becomes writing. The writing process from the pre-writing stage to the revision will be easier to do with the help of ICTs. The pre-writing stage, for example, we will be faced with determining the essay theme, arranging the outline, until composing the essay will be more smooth if supported by ICT. Especially, the process of writing or developing paragraphs us can more freely develop essays. We can save essays and we improve or improve them through ICT.

Increased Writing Ability through ICT Based Learning
The role of technology in writing learning is indeed highly recognized because there is much we can do with this technology. In essence writing skills can indeed be supported based on a person's ability to use ICT. The real benefit of ICT in writing learning; first, insight will develop because we access information from many parts of the world in a matter of time. Second, ICTs speed up writing work. Third, we can write wherever we are without time and place. Fourth, this tool has the function of storing and changing data automatically so that writing errors can be more easily corrected. Fifth, writing can be stored safely on the computer.

Application of ICT in Writing Learning
Learning using power point teaching materials made by the author alone and use of LCD Learning with Ms. Power point teaching materials is indeed one of the tools in learning that is quite interesting for students. It's just that the teacher's ability to design teaching materials needs to be strengthened. The author only has limited ability to make power points but has not yet reached the complete stage of an interactive teaching material. This is a challenge for teachers to have the ability in the IT field so that the making of teaching materials is more interesting. Assignment writing exercise by electronic mail or email writing exercises are things that the author must do to see and evaluate the work of students. The alternative that the writer did to improve the writing ability integrated with ICT-based learning was assignment via email.

Conclusion
Writing learning is one of the objects of language skills that are very much needed, especially in expressing ideas, thoughts, and messages through essay. The lack of interest of students in writing learning and the learning outcomes that are still unsatisfactory can be overcome by utilizing information technology-based learning communication, namely using interesting learning media. Students will be more interested and learning will take place pleasantly. This happens because students are easier to imagine, understand, and appreciate teaching materials delivered through media. Students are no longer confused in looking for story ideas, students will be stimulated to get story ideas and develop them as interesting narrative essay so that students are skilled at using language, both receptive and productive skills. Receptive skills that include listening and reading skills, writing skills, learning using media can combine all aspects of language, namely listening, reading, speaking, and writing. The use of this media also motivates students in writing, expressing, interpreting, and increasing their enthusiasm in expressing ideas. The use of media makes the narrative writing activities more lively and enjoyable so that more optimal results can be achieved.